The Lava Fields of Harrat Khaybar

Nestled in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia lies a geological wonder that defies common perceptions of the region. While Saudi Arabia is often associated with vast deserts, it is also home to numerous volcanoes, including active ones. These volcanic activities are linked to hot spot activity on the Arabian Plate, uplifted on the eastern side of the Red Sea rift.

The basaltic lava fields in the western part of the country, known as harrat, cover approximately 180,000 square kilometers, extending from Turkey to Yemen. One of the largest volcanic fields is Harrat Khaybar, named after the city on its western side. Its ancient and recent lava flows spread between the provinces of Madinah and Ha’il, covering more than 14,000 square kilometers. This area includes a 100-kilometer-long north-south oriented line of volcanic vents, featuring scoria cones, lava domes, maars, basalt lava flows, and the only stratovolcano in the Harrat of western Arabia, Jebel Qidr.

The White Volcanoes

The true gems of Harrat Khaybar are its rare white volcanoes, composed of silica-rich comendite, giving them a distinctive whitish color. The two largest are Jebel Abiadh and Jebel Bayda. Jebel Abiadh, meaning “white mount,” is the highest crater in the harrat at 2,093 meters, while Jebel Bayda, the largest, boasts a diameter of 1.5 kilometers.

Satellite images reveal the stunning contrast of the white volcanoes against the varied shades of other volcanic formations. The creamy ocher of Jebel Bayda, the red and brown hues of Jebel Al-'Aqir, and the deep dark lava flows of Jebel Qidr create a mesmerizing landscape. The most striking contrast is where the whitish lava of Jebel Bayda meets the dark lava of Jebel Qidr, offering a unique opportunity to stand on the border of two distinct lava flows.

Visiting the White Volcanoes

A Tough Terrain

Reaching the white volcanoes is an adventure in itself. The journey involves driving through 50 kilometers of lava fields, where Bedouins have carved deep tracks. These tracks are the only viable routes, as the sharp basalt rocks between them can shred tires and damage vehicles. Many tracks lead to dead-ends, so meticulous planning and local guidance are essential.

Guides Organizing Trips to the White Volcanoes

Given the challenging terrain, it is highly recommended to visit the White Volcanoes with a tour guide who knows the area well and has the proper equipment. Local Bedouins often drive up the sides of Jebel Bayda with their pickups, but a short hike uphill is advisable for safety. The sides of Jebel Abiadh are too steep for vehicles, but the southern slope offers a relatively safe climb to the crater.

The viewpoint from the summit of Jebel Abiadh, the highest volcano at 2,093 meters, provides breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, making the effort worthwhile. The presence of Bedouins and camels in the area adds to the unique experience, reminding visitors of the human presence in this once remote desert.

Conclusion

The White Volcanoes of Harrat Khaybar are a testament to the incredible geological diversity of Saudi Arabia. From the striking contrasts of lava flows to the variety of volcanic shapes, this region offers an out-of-this-world experience. Whether you are an avid hiker, a geology enthusiast, or simply seeking a unique adventure, the White Volcanoes are a must-visit destination. Ensure you plan your trip carefully and consider the guidance of local experts to make the most of this volcanic miracle of Arabia.