Jizan Province is like no other in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is indeed exceptional in several regards.
A Landscape of Contrasts
In a country often stereotyped by endless sand dunes, Jizan stands out with its tall green mountains, deep blue sea, virgin islands, and pristine beaches. Unlike most of Saudi Arabia, Jizan and Al-Bahah are the only provinces without desert sand dunes. Instead, Jizan boasts low white sand dunes along its shore.
Unique Climate and Geography
While much of Saudi Arabia is arid with no permanent rivers, Jizan benefits from the monsoon, experiencing two rainy seasons annually. This unique climate supports lush green wadis like the famous Wadi Lajab and several hot springs such as Bani Malik and Al-Khoubah, known for their therapeutic qualities. The province is also renowned for its high-quality tropical fruits like mango, figs, and papaya.
Diverse Climates
As the southernmost province, Jizan’s Tihama plain along the Red Sea remains hot year-round, unlike other provinces where temperatures drop significantly in winter. In contrast, the high mountains of the Sarawat range offer cool temperatures throughout the year.
Cultural Richness
Travelers in Jizan can encounter the famous “flower men” in their traditional attire, holding the typical dagger called jambiyah and wearing garlands of flowers on their heads.
Historical Significance
Jizan’s history is deeply linked to its strategic location near the Strait of Bab Al-Mandeb, the natural “locker” of the Red Sea, providing access to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
Ancient Trade Routes
Archaeological finds, such as Bronze Age pottery at Sihi, 40 kilometers south of Jizan City, indicate early travel and trade along the Arabian coast and across the Red Sea to Africa. The development of trade in the Red Sea and inland between southern Arabia and surrounding empires (Nubian, Egyptian, Roman, Persian, and Indian) led to the rise of kingdoms in the region.
Historical Trade
During the 10th century BCE, Phoenician King Hiram of Tyre and King Solomon initiated trade in the Red Sea from the Gulf of Aqaba to the kingdom of Saba’. The shores of today’s Jizan Province were part of this ancient kingdom.
Roman Influence
After the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, maritime trade in the Red Sea flourished. Roman author Strabo noted that within seven years of the conquest, 200 boats were leaving Egyptian ports for India, returning with spices and other precious commodities. Jizan played a crucial role in this trade, with Roman military detachments stationed on the Farasan Islands to control piracy.
A Latin inscription on Farasan Al-Kabir Island, dedicated by Roman legionnaires to Emperor Antonius Pius around 144 CE, highlights the historical significance of this region.
Islamic Era
In 630 CE, Prophet Muhammad sent his cousin Ali to Sana’a in Yemen, which had been under Persian Sassanid rule. The following year, known as the Year of Delegations, major Yemeni tribes accepted Islam, making the entire southern Arabian Peninsula, including today’s Jizan Province, part of the Muslim Empire by the 7th century CE.
Ottoman Era
In the early 16th century, the Ottomans conquered the western Arabian Peninsula, building forts along the 2000 kilometers of Red Sea coast, including Dosrih Fort and a smaller one on the Farasan Islands. These forts showcase the rich and refined Ottoman architecture.
20th Century
During World War II, the strategic importance of Jizan Province, especially the Farasan Islands, was recognized by the Germans, who built a fort on one of the islands.
Must-Visit Places in Jizan Province
- Farasan Islands: A stunning archipelago with pristine beaches and rich marine life. (Read More)
- Jebel Al-Qahar – Wadi Lajab: A dramatic canyon with lush greenery and flowing streams. (Read More)
- Jebel Fayfa: Known for its terraced landscapes and cool climate. (Read More)
Jizan Province is a hidden gem in Saudi Arabia, offering a unique blend of natural beauty, diverse climates, rich culture, and historical significance. Whether you’re exploring its green wadis, relaxing in its hot springs, or delving into its ancient history, Jizan promises an unforgettable experience.
